Review—Carbon Electrodes in Magnesium Sulphur Batteries: Performance Comparison of Electrodes and Future Directions

Magnesium-sulfur batteries have developed as a new and emerging technology benefiting from high energy density, low cost, reasonable safety, excellent storage due to the natural abundance of electrochemically active materials dendrite formation in magnesium. Here we report various enhancement strategies also focus on using carbon electrodes, coating layers over cathodes, nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, graphene-carbon nanotubes magnesium-sulfur because its conductivity improved overall electrochemical functioning battery. However, developing these remains challenging significant problems caused during theirs operation, such self-discharge, Mg-anode passivation, insufficient reversible capacity, sulfur cathode utilization, rapid capacity loss. We acknowledge synthesis non-nucleophilic electrolytes, both situ characterizations anode or electrode reactions kinetics, strategic development sulfur-based cathodes Mg–S battery critical factor toward improvement cycle performance, specific overpotential working voltage, confinement Mg-PS polysulfide, limit shuttling polysulphides, steady accumulation desolvation magnesium divalent ions create magnesium-conducting surface interphase(SEI). present detailed description battery, challenges, future research directions for practical implementation electrolyte electrodes.